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About Treatment

Thyroid gland is an important endocrine observation, namely hormones for the regulation of metabolic processes, electrolytes, functions of the nervous and reproductive systems. However, the thyroid gland is susceptible to disease. Cases of thyroid disease are studied every year, which is explained by an unbalanced diet, a depressing natural environment, the influence of hereditary factors, and the lack of  effective system for protecting iodine deficiency states. Not all thyroid diseases are subject to conservative therapy. The method of indication is partial or radical removal of the thyroid gland.

Thyroidectomy refers to an operation to remove the thyroid gland. For example, surgery involves removing the lymph nodes in the trachea. Combined surgery makes cancer treatment effective and has a low risk of recurrence.

Thyroidectomy Process 

Doctor makes an incision in the front of the neck and pinches and ties the blood vessels. The thyroid gland - in whole or in part - is cut off from other tissues. To prevent bleeding, special clamps are used, which are responsible for the process of closing the ends of the vessels. The incision is sutured, the edges of the skin are fastened. It is often necessary to install drainage tubes to prevent fluid accumulation.

With complete removal of the thyroid gland, in the case of cancer, the lymph nodes in the area of ​​the operation can also be removed, which helps to determine the spread of the cancer. In some cases, doctor removes the thyroid gland using endoscopic surgery. 

Quick Details
  • Diagnostic Examination

    Diagnosis before thyroidectomy includes the following examinations:

    study of  level of hormones in the body;

    ultrasound examination of the gland and lymph nodes to detect pathologies

    biopsy

    laryngoscopy

    CT scan

    genetic tests

  • Procedure Duration

    2-4 hours

  • Hospital Stay

    1-2 days

  • Recovery Period

    10-12 days

When is Thyroidectomy Needed?

Thyroidectomy is recommended in situations where other methods of treatment have failed, or in malignant tumors. Patients with asymptomatic nodules are not recommended to undergo surgical intervention, since it is enough for them to limit themselves to dynamic observation. Thyroidectomy is performed in patients with progressive pathology or suspicions of malignant transformations.

Types of Thyroidectomy

The scope of the planned surgery depends on the nature of the pathology affecting the thyroid gland.

- Total thyroidectomy to remove the entire thyroid gland;

- Subtotal thyroidectomy assumes that almost all of the gland is excised, leaving small areas and zones of the parathyroid glands;

- Hemithyroidectomy to remove half of the organ with an isthmus with limited nodes of one of the lobes.

Indications

Thyroid cancer
Olyozodis goiter
Diffuse toxic goiter
Recurrent goiter
Solitary thyroid nodule 
Large goiter
Large thyroid cyst, etc.

Recovery Period

Patient stays in hospital under for 1-2 days. If no complications are observed, doctors remove drainage tube and let  patient go home. Patient will need 10-12 days to fully recover.

After surgery, patient must regularly visit an endocrinologist. This is important because removal of the thyroid gland involves lifelong hormone replacement therapy. If the cause of the operation was a malignant tumor, patient is prescribed radioactive iodine therapy.

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